Record controlled machine



y 30, 1940- H. J. UMHAUER 2,209,434

B30051) CON'IIROLLED MACHINE 11 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Feb. 27, 1935 )VFNTOR ATTORNEY ly H. J. UMHAUER 2,209, 34

RECORD CONTROLLEDMACHINE Filed Feb. 27, 1935 ll Shets-Sheet 2 f INVENTOR- BY ATTORNEY H. J. UMHAUER RECORD CONTROLLED MACHINE 11 Sheets-s 3 Filed- Feb. 27, 1935 July 30, 1940. H. .1. UMHAUER I RECORD CONTROLLED MACHINE Filed Feb. 27) 19:55 11 Sheets-Sheet 4 ATTORNEY July 30, 1940. H. J. UMHAUER I RECORD CONTROLLED MACHINE 11 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Feb. 27. 1935 30, 0- H. J. UMHAUER RECORD CONTROLLED MACHINE Filed Feb. 27, 1935 11 Sheets-Sheet 7 INVENTOR ATTORN EY July 30, 1940. H, J. UMHAUER RECORD CONTROLLED MACHINE 11 Sheets-Shet 8 Filed Feb. 27, 1935 INVEN'i'OR uuuuuu July 30, H. J UMHAUER' nuconn CONTROLLED momma INYIENTORI I W )W ATTORNEY II-ShdeiS-Sheet 10 v rnqd Feb. 27. 1935 U y Y l I l L l I L July 30, 1940. H. J. UMHAUER RECORD CONTROLLED MACHINE Filed Feb. 27, 1935 ll Sheets-Sheet 11 M v ATTORNEY Patented July 30, 1940 RECORD CONTROLLED MACHINE Herbert J. Umhauer, Augusta, Maine, assignor to International Business Machines Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application February 27, 1935, Serial No. 8,436

13 Claims.

jl'his invention relates to record controlled machines ingeneral.

The principal object of the invention is to provide an automatic dividing machine. v

A broad object is to provide a machine capable of automatically performing the mathematical operation of division under control of perforated records.

' Another broad object is to provide a machine capable of automatically computing averages.

Still another object isto provide a dividin machine which can operate in conjunction with a standard accounting machine asan attachment thereto without in any way interfering with the normal operation of the accounting machine or requiring any material alteration of the accounting machine either structurally or in principle of operation.

' An objectis to provide a dividing machine which is relatively simple in construction and operation as compared with dividing machines previouslyknown in the art.

Another object is. to provide a dividing machine which is very flexible in its. operation and coordination with accounting machines to which it is applied.

Still another object is-to mrovide a dividing machine which ,is composed of standard parts.

Another object is to provide a dividing machine which is easily applied or coordinated with accounting machines of difierent types.

Various other .oojects, advantages, or features will be pointed out in the following description and claims or will be apparent from a-study of I thedescription, claims'and drawings.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the machine.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section through one of the accumulators and its top counter,

Fig. 3 is a vertical section through the dividend counter.

Fig. 4 is a vertical section through one of the emitters. a

Fig. 5 is a vertical section showing the main driving connections of the machine.

Fig. 6 is an elevation of the column shifter device.

Fig. '7 is a perspective view of one of the dividend counter commutators, I

Figs, 8, 9, and 10 are electrical time charts for a card cycle, dividing cycle, and resetting cycle. respectively.

Figs. 11a, to lle together form an electrical wiring diagram of the tabulating machine and dividing machine as plugged together ready for operation. t

The invention comprises an automatic dividing machine adapted to be plugged to a standard record controlled accounting and statistical machine such as the well known International electric accounting machine. These machines are commonly called tabulating machines." The drawings show the dividing machine attached to the foregoing machine but this .is illustrative only as the dividing machine may be used in connection with other tabulating machines by suitable modification of the-operating connections. The general construction of the International electric accounting machine is described in a large number of patents of which- No. 1,762,145 and No..1,822,594 describe most of the mechanism involved herein. It will be understood herein that the machine described in the above patents is equipped with the'improved total sensing and printing mechanism described in Patents No. 1,921,454 and 1,954,041 as applied to accumulators of the type described in Patent No, 1,307,740.

Since the cited patents fully describe the mechanism of the standard International accounting machine, only a very brief general description of a few of its parts will be given herein to show how the dividing machine is connect- .ed to and operates in. conjunction with th 1 standard accounting machine;

- two electric motors designated TM and BM in Figjlla. which may be controlled substantially as described in Patent No. 1,762,145 except that an auxiliary control for the reset motor RM is provided in the dividing machine. This-auxiliary control will be described at the; proper point hereinafter. Tabulating motor TM! drives the card feeding mechanism and item accumulating and item printing mechanism in the usual way.

It also drives a' number of control cam contacts designated Li to L6 and TI to T4, inclusive,

the operating cams of which rotate once per card cycle and have the timing shown in Fig. 8 wherein the thick black linesindicate the period of closure, Motor TM also operates the usual'impulse distributor ID at the rate of one revolution per card cycle. A start key ST'and a stop key SP provide means for manually controlling the operation of the motor TM while automatic control thereof by the usual automatic group control mechanism is effected through a motor control relay MC.

The automatic group control mechanism'may be identical with the one described in Patent No. 1,762,145 except in one respect, namely, the connections to line wires AI, Bl are the reverse of the connections shown in the patent. This has been done to simplify the diagram and facilitate circuit tracing.

The group control mechanism comprises a se- I OB and LB in the usual way through group con- .and lower brush triple plug sockets 21.

of closure.

trol plug sockets 25, upper brush plug sockets 26, These relays are partly mechanically operated as in Patent No. 1,822,594. Each relay GCR. has a pair of contacts 28 which is closed whenever the relaycoil is energized. As in the patent, these contacts 28 are reopened by cams at the end of each card cycle.

As the operation of this type of automatic control is well. known and fully described in Patents No. 1,762,145 and No. 1,822,594 no detailed description will be given herein. For the purpose of understanding the present invention it will be assumed that the perforated record cards are arranged in groups according to group classification numbers comprising six digits. Under these circumstances the plug sockets 25 of each relay GCRI will be plugged to the respective sockets 26, 21 corresponding to the column in which one of the digits of the group number is perforated in the record cards.

During a total taking and resetting cycle, contacts Pib close, energizing a minor control relay I GCR2 by a circuit from line wire Al, contacts Pib, relays GCR2 and MC, to line wire Bl. Contacts A of relay GCRZ close and a holding circuit for relay GCR2 is established through cam contacts T4 to line -wire Al. As long as the group numbers on successive cards agree all of relays .GCRI which have been plugged will be energized during each card cycle closing their contacts 28 so that the opening of contacts T4 during the latter part of each card cycle (Fig. 8) will have no effect and relays GCRI' and MC will remain energized.

Motor control relay MC maintains the circuit for the motor TM so that feeding of cards continues as long as the usual card magazine is kept filled and the group numbers do not change. A

disagreement of group control holes as a consequence of the end of a card group causes one or more of contacts 28 to remain opensothat opening or contacts T4 during a card cycle interrupts the circuit ior relays MC and GCRL This causes the contacts of relay MC to open interrupting the circuit to motor TM with the net result that motor TM stops at the end of the card group. If as,

will be assumed hereinafter, the usual automatic A reset switch ABS is open, the tabulating machine proper will stop completely.

Motor'RM drives the total taking and resetting mechanism during total taking and resetting cycles and also drives cams controlling certain cam contacts designated Pl to P9 at the rate of one revolution per reset cycle. The timing of these cam operated contacts is designated in Fig. 10 by the thick black lines which indicate the duration Motor RM also drives several tabulating emitters TEI to TE3 at the rate 01' one revolution per reset cycle. These'emitters are described in Patents No. 1,921,454 and No.

' 1,954,041and are used to provide the impulses of current used in operating the usual printer magnets 29 for effecting the printing of totals as described in the last named patents. The mechanical construction of one of the emitters is illustrated in Fig. 4 which shows one of the dividing emitters which will be briefly described at the proper point hereinafter.

The printing mechanism may be identical with the one described in Patent No. 1,762,145 and is controlled by printer magnets 29. There is usually a group or bank of type bars for each accumulator, the machine bein'gcustomarily oi the three accumulators. The accumulators are like those described in Patent No, 1,921,454 and No. 1,954,041 and are illustrated in Figafl which shows one of the accumulators in the dividing machine. The construction will be briefly described hereinaiter at the proper point.

The printer magnets 28 may be pllllged directly to the lower brushes LB by means of plug sockets II for the purpose of printing items from the cards and/or may be plugged to the total taking mechanism for the purpose of printing totals.

Accumulator magnets are connected to plug sockets 32 by means of which the'accum'ulator magnets also may be plugged to the lower brushes LB tor the purpose of accumulating'items. The printer magnets 29 and accumulator magnets ll of each accumulator are connected. in agroup to line wire AI through fuses.

Associated with each accumulator is a read-out device which replaces the total sensing contacts described in Patent No. ,762,145. Each read-out device of the accounting machine is shown diagrammatically above the corresponding group of accumulator magnets and directly below the captions "Acc. No. TCI divisor, etc., in Figs. 11a and 11b. One of the dividing machine read-out devices is shownin Fig. 2 and may be used for purposes of a brief description. Each accumulator wheel 38 is geared to a large gear 34 through an intermediate gear I! on the usual clutch shaft 36. Secured to each gear 84 is an insulated brush carrier 31 having two brushes 38 diametrically opposite the shaft 8| loosely'supporting gears 34. Brushes a are electrica'lly connected and adapted to wipe an arcuste common contact segment 40 and a series of nine accumulator wheel 43. The numerical values of the segments 4| are indicated by the. small numer'als I to 9 in Fig. 2. In other words, if the counter wheel ,34 showed a 6 through the usual sight opening, one of brushes ll would rest on the "6" segment 4| and the otherbrush on the common segment 40. The ratio of the gearing between counter wheel 33 and gear 34 is 1 to 2 so that brushes 38 alternate in electrically manifesting values accumulated by wheel II. I

All. 01 the segments 4| of the same value are connected together by a bus bar 42 of which there are nine in all for eachaccumulator. The bus bars 42 01' each accumulator are ordinarily directly connected individually to segments oi the same values in the emitter TEI, TE2, etc., corresponding to that accumulator .(Figs. 11a and 11b) In order to secure proper coordination oi the dividing machine with the accounting machine proper, the respective grou 0! bus bars 42 of the accumulators TCI, TC! are not directly connected to the segments 42 of the respective emitters TEI, TE2, TEI. Instead the bus bars are connected to the emitters by means of cables 01 to Cl2 and the contacts A of three multi-contact relays MCRS, MCRJ, MOB, re- 76 wipes over the segments through contacts A of pairs ofmulti-contact' relays MCRI, MC'R2; MGR-4, MCR;and MCR'I, MCRB. ContactsA of the relays MCRI, MICRA, MCR8 and contacts B of relays MCR2, 'MCRS, MCRI are normally open while contacts A of the last three are normally closed. Plug sockets 44 of each accumulator may be plugged to any desired group or bank of printing magnets 29 for the purpose of printing totals from any elected accumulator or part of an accumulator by any selected printing bank or portion of a printing bank. The relays MCRI, MCR4, M CR|, MCRB, and MGR!) are of the electro-mechanical type described in Patent No. 1,954,041 in which therelay coils'release latches permitting the con-' tacts A of relays MCRL. MCR4, MCR8 to close and contacts A of relays MCRI, MCR9 to open.

.A cam 44a on the usual resetting shaft restores the contacts of the relays to their normal position near the end of each resetting cycle.

Resetting of selected accumulators is accomplished by manually clutching the selected accumulators to the usual resetting shaft in a well known way. It will be assumed that accumulators TCI, T02, TC3 have been clutched to the resetting shaft so as to be automatically reset during each resetting cycle of the tabulating machine.

L The emitters TEI, TE2,*TE3 are substantially the same as in Patent No. 1,954,041 and their construction is illustrated in Fig. 4 which shows one of the'dividing emitters designated DEI,

DE2 in Figs. 11c and 11d. Each emitter con- -sists of a rotary brush holder 45 carrying two diametrically opposite brushes 46 one of which 43 while the other is wiping over a common. segment 41. Brushes 46 are electrically connected so that the effect of rotation of each emitter is totransmit differently valued electrical impulses from line wire B2 to the bus bars 42 in succession as the emitters rotate. This will be more fully explained hereinafter.

Emitters TEI, TE2, TE3 rotate at the rate of one revolution per resetting cycle but ,are only effective during the first half of such cycle owing to the timing of cam contacts P4, P5, P5 (Fig. The emitters TEl, TE2, TE3 rotate, in synchronism with the rising of the type bars during a resetting cycle, that is when a given numeral'type is almost at the printing line one of l the brushes 4B of each emitter will touch the segment 43 corresponding in value to suehtype. For example, as the 6 type of a given type bar is about to reach the printing line, one of the brushes 46 of each emitter will touch the 6 segment 43 of the emitter. 7

The lowest denominational order or units order 01' each accumulator and the associated printer magnet is indicated in Figs. 11a to lie by the small numeral 1 to the right of printer magnets 29, accumulator magnets 30, and the common bars 40. The second or tens and the ninth or 100 000 000 denominational orders are similarly indicated by the numerals 2 and 9. I

As an illustrative example, it will be assumed that the controlling records are arranged in groups identified by classification numbers and that each card group contains a record card having the divisor punched in a field different from the field containing the items.

The. lower brushes LB sensing the item field will be plugged to the appropriate plug sockets 32 of accumulator TC2 (Fig. 11b) assigned to accumulating the dividend. This is done in the usual way by inserting plug wires between the proper plug sockets 21 and 32. To simplify the description it willbe assumed that only totals are to be printedand the machine is set for tabulating operation by placing the usual listnon-list lever (not shown) in non-listing position. The brushes LB sensing the field in which the divisor is punched in one of the cards will be similarly plugged to accumulator No. TCI.

With this arrangementthe machine will operate automatically in the usual way to print the classification number of the firstgroup, accumulate the items of the dividend in accumulator No. TC2,. the divisor in accumulator No. TCI, and the motor TM will stop at the end of the before a resetting cycle takes place, accordingly the usual automatic resetting switch ARS will be kept in open position. I

Total printing is accomplished duringa resetting cycle in the following manner assuming as an illustration that 6"has been accumulated in' the units order of accumulator TCI Contacts P4 close early in the reset cycle (Fig. 10) and a circuit is established .from line wire BI (Fig. 110.), non-total switch NTI (closed for automatic total printing), contacts P4 and relay MCRI, to wire Al. Contacts A of relay MCRI close before one of the brushes 46 of emitter TEI touches the 9 segment 43. Atvthe 6 point in the cycle (see Fig. 10 also) a total printing circuit for the units order of accumulator TCI is established from contacts P4 and segment 41 of emitter TEI group. At this point the dividing machine is to intervene automatically to compute the quotient through brushes 46 to the 6 segment 43, cable C8, the 6 contacts A of relay MCR3, cable C1, 6"bus bar 42, 6 segment 4| of units order, brushes 38, units segment 40, contacts A of 'relays MCRZ, MCRI, units printer magnet 29,

to line wire Al. Similar operations take place for the other orders of'accumulator TCI at the proper points in the resetting cycle in accordance with values accumulated by such orders. During the last half of the resetting cycle the accumulators will be reset in the usual way. This results in ,a total being printed from accumulator TCI.

Up to this point the description has been confined to briefly describing the general construction and operation of a standard form of tabulating machine which has been selected for purposes of illustration on account of its simplicity.

Actually other, more or less complicatedmachines may be used in conjunction with the dividing machine as the dividing machine does not in any respect interfere with the proper operation of the tabulating machine. Essentially the principal work required of the tabulating machine up to this point is to sense thev record cards and enter the divisor and dividend in two different accumulators.

It will be understood that the tabulating machine proper may contain any of the usual devices and equipment for obtaining special results,

such as class selection, balance selection and printing, multiple group control with or without successivetotal printing, and other features as the dividing machine does not in any way interfer-e with these devices. This is one of the novel features of the present invention and will'be more clearly perceived after several illustrative .examples and the manner of obtaining novel results have been fully explained.

Relays MCR2, MCR3, MCR5, and MCR5 are for the purpose of isolating the read-out devices of accumulators TCL TC2 to enable the values accumulated in said accumulators to be transferred into suitable divisor arid dividend accumuprovided with suitable plug sockets 48 and multipoint plugs 49 by means of which the dividing machine may be plugged to the tabulating ma-: chine. Plug sockets 48 may be located on the usual plugboard of the tabulating machine or I 'on a special plugboa'rd attached to the tabulating machine.

30 Figs. 1 to 10 show the general mechanical construction of the dividing machine while Figs. ilc-to lie comprise a wiring diagram of the machine. In the wiring diagram the respective orders of the read-out devices, accumulator mag:

as nets, column shifter, and related devices are indicated by the small numerals 1 to 9. This will facilitate tracing circuits through the various cables connecting the accumulators, read-out devices, and other devices.

o The dividing machine may outwardly resemble a tabulating machine in general appearance but is much simpler owing to the fact that there is lacking the usual c'ard feeding mechanism, printing mechanism, and plugboard. The dividing machine is mounted on a base 59 provided with four legs 5i. Power to drive the machine is furnished by a driving motor D5! which will be termed the dividing motor hereinafter to. distinguish it from. the motors TM and RM which 0 drive the tabuiating machine.

Mounted on the top of base is a series of four dividing accumulators designated DC] to DC which are for the quotient, dividend, the

complement of the divisor, and the divisoras a positive number, respectively. The dividend accumulator D02 is illustrated in Fig, 3 and may be identical with the one illustrated in Patent No. 1,307,740 except for the provision of auxiliary control commutators to be described hereinafter. The other three accumulators may be of the same general construction as in Patents Nos. 1,921,454 and 1,954,041. The construction of these accumulaters has already been described briefly as a .means of explaining the construction of the 5 accumulatorsTCl, TC2, T03, and for all practical purposes may be the same as in the patents. The dividing accumulators are not provided with the electromechanical relays shown in Patent No. 1,954,041. The accumulators may or may not be 70 provided with indicating wheels 33 and sight openings 52, as desired, but it is preferred to provide them .as it is a convenience in servicing the machine.

- All four accumulators are drivenin the usual 7 way by a common shaft 53 (Fig. 2) and amounts are entered in them in the usual way under coil trol of'clutches operated by accumulator magnets 30 of which there is one for each accumulator wheel 33. Secured to the left hand end of shaft 53 (Figs. 1 and 5) is a disc 54 carrying a pivoted 4 clutch pawl of a conventional one-revolution clutch. Loosely mounted on shaft 53 adjacent disc 54 is a driven pulley 55 connected by a belt 51 to a driving pulley 55 on thje'drive shaft of dividing motor DM. Secured to pulley 55. as by 1 means of a sleeve 59, is a driving ratchet 53. A spring 6| attached to disk 55 and pawl 55 tends to engage the pawl with said ratchet.- A latch lever 52 pivoted at 53 has a hook portion engaging the tail of pawl 55 to prevent engagement 1 of the pawl with the ratchet 55. The armature 54 of 'a drive clutch magnet DCM is secured to the left hand end of lever 52. When the drive clutch'magnet is energized pawl 55 is released and engages ratchet 50 to establish a positive I driving connection between pulley 55 and shaft 53. Motor DM rotates constantly while the dividing machine is being operated in conjunction with the tabulating machine. The magnet DCM may be in series with motor DM through a motor 34 switch MS (Fig. lie) so that closure of such switch causes the motor to start and the one revolution clutch to engage simultaneously. When switch MS is opened to stopthe dividing machine, the one revolution clutch causes the a machine to stop always in a fixed position called the D position (Fig. 9).

Secured to shaft 53 is a small gear 55 meshing with a larger idler gear 55. The latter meshes with a gear 51 secured to a cam shaft 53 on which a is secured twelve cams 59 each controlling contacts. These contacts are designated UI to U in Figs. 9 and 110 to lid. The cam actuated contacts UI to UI 2 have the timing indicated in Fig. 9 in which the thick black lines show the periods of a closure. f

Gear 51 meshes with an idler gear 15 which in turn meshes with a larger gear 1| secured to the shaft 12 of a translator generally designated I3 in Figs. 1 and 5 which translator may be'like the one'described in Patent No. 1,791,953. In the present case the translator I3 is used to convert the divisor, appearing as a positive number in the divisor accumulator DCI, into a complement which is stored in dividing accumulator DCI. The 50 manner in which this conversion and transfer is effected by a transfer from accumulator'TCl to accumulator D03 will be explained more fully at the proper point. The translator magnets ll, 75 and commutators l6, 11 in Figs. 5 and 11d have 55 the same function and mode of operation as magnets 55, 56 and commutators 34, 35 in Patent No. 1,791,953. The portion of Fig. 11d enclosed-in the rectangle formed by broken lines and designated 13 in Fig. 11d represents three numerical orders 60 of the translator which are designated by the small numerals 1, 2, and 9 to represent the first or units, the second, or tens, and ninth orhundred millions order to correspond with the designationof other parts of the machine. The con- "struction and mode of operation of the translator 13 will not be explained herein as it is'now well known in the art and fully explained in Patent No. 1,791,953. v

Gears and 51 are cf same size so that the cam shaft 55 rotates in synchronism with the-main drive shaft 53. Gear II is twice the size of gear 61 so that shaft 12 turns one-half revolution for each revolution of shaft 53. This is necessary because, as explained .in Patent No. 1,791,953, the u translator emits complement impulses through commutators I6 (Fig. 11d) during the cycle immediately following energization of magnets 14 in accordance with a positive value so that positive numbers are emitted as complements during the cycle following the entry of the positive numbers I in the translator.

Gear 65 meshes'with an idler gear I8 which in turn meshes with a gear 79 loose on a resetting shaft 80 extending in front of all the dividing accumulators. Gear 19 may be connected to shaft 90 for driving purposes by means of a one revolution clutch identical with the clutch connecting pulley 56130 the main drive shaft. This clutch is controlled by a magnet DB0 and comprises the clutch disc 8| secured to shaft 80, driving pawl 82 carried by said disc, spring 83 actuating the pawl, and a driving ratchet 84 secured to gear I9. Magnet DRC actuates a pivoted latch lever 85 to control pawl 82 in exactlythe same manner as magnet DCM controls pawl 55. Shaft 80 corresponds to. the usual resetting shaft provided in tabulating machinesand usually driven by'the motor RM. In the present case, as there is no need of selective resetting in the dividing machine, the reset control clutches usually provided for individually connecting the various accumulators to the reset shaft may be omitted, except as to accumulator DCI, and shaft 80 directly connected to the accumulator wheel shafts of all the accumulators DC! to D04, as by means of gears 99 (Fig. 4).. These'gears are covered by housings attached to or forming part of the cabinet enclosing the mechanisms of the dividing machine. A manually operable reset clutch RC (Fig. 1) of conventional fornpconnects shaft 80 to the gears,

- 99 of the accumulator DCI.

It will be understood that when clutch RC is engaged a single revolution of shaft 80 will cause all the dividing accumulators to be reset to zero in the same way resetting is accomplished in the tabulating machine. The ratio between gears 65, I9 is unity so that resetting is accomplished in a. single dividing cycle.

There are two dividing emitters designated DEI, D192 in Figs. 11c and lid. The emitter DEI is shown in Fig. 4'. The construction and opera- "tion of these emitters have already been described. They are mounted onthe right hand end of the machine within a housing 91 and are driven by a small gear 98 secured to the right hand end of shaft 53. Gear 89 meshes with a gear 89 twice as large as gear 88 and secured to a short shaft 90 journalled in the framework on which shaft is insulatably mounted the brush holders 45 carrying the emitter brushes 45. The brush holders 45 of emitters DEI, DEZ rotatea half revolution per dividing cycle and have the same effect as emitters TEI, TE2, TE3 of the tabulating mechanism in controlling accumulator magnets.

Emitters DEI, DEZ control the transfer of totals 1 read-out device but in place of the read-outdevice there is provided a series of commutators 9I (Fig. 3) secured to gears 92. The latter mesh with the gears 35 of thedividend accumulator, the

driving ratio being the same as for the accumulator wheels. In other words, the commutators 9I are rotated the same amount as the accumulator wheels when amounts areentered in the accumulator. Each commutator has a bar or segment of conducting material 93 adapted, when the associated accumulator wheel 33 indicates a zero through sight opening 52, to bridge a pair of brushes 94 mounted in a bar of insulating material 95. As shown in Fig. lie, the pairs of brushes 9-. are connected in series to close a circuit when all the accumulator wheels of the dividend accumulator D02 indicate zero.

The commutator 9| of the highest order wheel of the dividend accumulator also has a second bar of conducting material93a. (Fig. 7) adapted to bridge a pair of brushes 9401. also carried by bar 95 when the highest or ninth order wheel iridicates 9.

Associated with the usual carry lever 96 (Fig. 3) between the two highest order wheels of the dividend accumulator DC2 is a pair of contacts CLC which may be called the carry lever contacts. The arm 91 on which is mounted the usual carry or transfer pawl 90 has an extension 99 normally bearing on a block of insulating material secured to one of contacts CLC so as to hold these contacts closed. When a' carry is effected from the nextto-the highest to the highest order accumulator wheel of the dividend accumulator, the carry lever 961is rocked downwardly to release arm 91 when then moves to the left permitting contacts CLC to open. When the carrying operation is completed and arm 91 restored by bail I00 in the usual way, contacts CLC are released. This restoring operation takesplace near the end of each dividing cycle. I

The description of the dividing machine so far has been confined mainly to the mechanisms driven by the dividing motor DM without reference to the manner in which the various mechanisms are coordinated by the, electrical circuits to perform the operation of automatic division. The manner in which coordination is obtained and the operation of the machine with reference to several specific examples will now be described in detail. v n

An important element in the coordination of a. column shifter. A suitable form of column shifter is illustrated in Fig. 6 but this is purely illustrative and diagrammatic ii -nature as this mechanism may take other and equivalent-forms without affecting the results.

The column shifter includes a main frame comprising two parallel bars IOI, I02 (Fig. 6) to which are secured two cross bars or guides I03 and a support plate I04. Slidably mounted in this frame, as in grooves I 04a formed in the confronting edges of guides I03, is a rectangular frame comprising two bars I05 having tongues or ribs riding in the grooves I04 and a pair of bars I06 joining the ends of bars I05.. Secured to the bar I05 nearest plate I 04, as by means of several arms I01 is a ratchet feed rack I08. A coil spring I09, secured to a pin on one of the arms I01 and a pin on the adjacent bar I03, nomrally holdsthe slidable frame I05-I 06 in the position of 'Fig. 6 with the left hand bar I 06 abuttingseveral adjustable stops IIO bar IOI.

- Feed mechanism is provided which is actuated by a columnshift magnet CSM mounted on plate I04. This magnet actuates an arm III which Ill against an adjustable stop screw III carriedby a pin secured to plate I04. A feed pawl Iii pivoted to the free end of arm III is held by a one step to the right.

torsion spring in engagement with the teeth of rack l00. A holding pawl II6, pivoted to plate I 04 and actuated by another torsion spring, also normally engages feed rack I08. By means of this feed mechanism actuated by magnet CSM the slidabie frame I05I06 and parts carried thereby, can be given a step-by-step feeding movement to the right.

' 'In order to restore the frame I05-I06 to the starting position of Fig. 6, there is'provided a column shift release magnet CSRM secured to plate I04. This magnet actuates a bell crank III pivoted, to plate I04 at H8 and held by a spring 'II9 against a stop pin I20. -One-arm of the bell crank has a bent over lug adapted to engage the tails of both pawls I I5, I I6 when magnet SRM is energized and free, both pawls from the is thereby permitting spring I 09' to restore the frame I 05-I06 to the position of Fig. 6.

Secured to frame I05I06 are three bars I2I, I22, I23 which are provided with contact shoes orbrushes I24, I25, I26 insulatably mounted onv the respective bars. Bar I2I has a single contact shoe I24 while bars I22, I23 each have as many shoes as there are accumulator wheels in the quotient and divided accumulators DCI, DC2, respectively. As shown in Figs. 6 and 110, it has been assumed that these accumulators have nine denominational orders but only four of the corresponding accumulator magnets 30 have been shown in Fig. 110 to simplify the drawing. The ones shown are the first or units order,

and the second, eighth, and ninth or highest orders.

The contact shoes may be connected to a multicontact relay CSR and other parts of the electrical system by means of flexible wires and a cable CI6 which do not interfere with movement of frame I05I08.' Relay CSR. will be termed the column shift relay hereinafter.

Secured to the bars IOI, I02 are three bars I21, I20, I29 each of which has as many insulated contact buttons or segments I30 as there .are denominational orders in accumulators DCI,

DC2. Segments I30 of barsI2I, I28 are connectedin multiple directly to the accumulator magnets 30 of counter DCI by means of a cable CII (Fig. 110). For example, the 1" segments of bars I21, I are both connected to the units accumulator magnet. of accumulator DCI. The segments I30 of bar I29 are similarly connected to the magnets 30 of accumulator DC2 through cables CIl, CIS and the contacts A of a shift relay SR. Relays SR and CSR may be of the same type as the relays MCR2, MCR3, MCRU, MCRO, that is, the contactsare operated solely by their magnets and not partly by cams as in the case of relay MCRI.

The column shifter has a series of control contacts designated CSI to C85 which are directly operated by the frame I05-I06. These contacts are operated by fingers I 3| (Fig. 6) secured to bars I00 and having buttons or pins of in-- sulating material. CSI and CS0 are closed and open, respectively when the frame I05-l0t is in the starting position of Fig. 6 and their status is reversed when the frame I 05-406 is moved CS2 are opened and CS3, 084 closed when frame I05, I06 is moved the last step by magnet CSM. Adjustable stops I32 on the bar I02 prevent over running of the through the contact shoe I24.

frame I 00-"! and possible damage to contacts CS2,CSI,OS4.

The relation of the contact shoes I20 to their respective segments is such that with the frame IOU-I00 in the starting position of Fig. 6, a

five digit number can be entered into the five highest orders of the dividend accumulator DC2 either positively or negatively'as a complement.

At the same time one unit can be entered positively. in the fifth order of accumulator DCI control the entry of the complement of "1" whereby to efiect subtraction of a unit from the fifth order of said accumulator. The manner in which this is done will be explained more fully hereinafter.

It will be assumed that the tabulating machine has been started in the usual way and is feeding punched cards and the machine plugged as described above which will result in the items on the cards being accumulated in accumulator T62 as the, dividend, while the divisor will be ac 10 Contact shoes I20 cumulated in accumulator 'rcl. Clutch one is manually locked in engaged position. Switch MS has beenclosed so that themain shaft 53, the emitters DEI, DEZ; cam shaft 80, and the translator I3 are all operating continuously. It

will also be assumed that the column shifter is in the position of Fig.6 and the dividend accumulator DC2 has been cleared and now stands at zero. This permits current to fiow from line wire B2 (Fig. 11c) through all the commutators 0I- in series, relays R3 and R4, and contacts CSI, to line wire A2. This circuit islmain-tained during the time the first group of cards is being fed through the tabulating machine.

Since the group control relay GCRZ is kept energized by the fact that all thecards of the first group have the same group-number contacts B of this relay remain open. This prevents energization of relay RI through contacts Ll which close at the end of each card cycle (Fig. 8). Consequently, contacts UI, closing once per revolution of shaft 03 (Fig. 9) cannot energize relay R2 (Fig. 11c) and contacts B of this relay remain open. This prevents circuits from being established by emitterDEI (Fig. 110) over wire W! of cable C I and the emitter merely rotates idly. The multi-contact relays MCR2, M633, MCRS, MCRO,.which are connected to wire W0 also remain deenergized. The emitter DE2 also rotates idly as the contacts of relay RI are opened to prevent energization of relay RI by cam contacts U4 and the contacts B of relay It must be closed before'the emitter DE2 can function.

cumulated in counter 'rm, TE2 in the usual way.

Duringthe last card 'cycle of the first group,

I relay 6032 (Fig. 11a) is deenergized due to the change in group number causing contacts B- of this relay to close. The contacts L0 close at the end of this same cycle (Fig. 8) and a circuit is established as follows: Line wire AI (Fig. 11a), contacts L0, contacts B of relay G082. switch DS (closed for dividing operation), wire WI, relay Rl (Fig. lie), and contacts C of relay R8,

to line wire B2. Contacts A of. relay RI estab- 7 t 2,269,484 lish a holding'circuit for this relay direct to line wire A2.

Contacts B of relayRI close to permit con tacts UI to initiate dividing operations of the dividing machine. Contacts UI close near the end of a dividing cycle. and energize relay R2 by a circuit from line wire A2, contacts B of relay RI, contacts UI, relay R2, and contacts C of relay R3 to line wire B2. Contacts B of relay R2 connect contacts U2 to line wire B2 through contacts B of relay R3. Naturally, since motors TM and DM are not synchronized and, if the tabulating machine is operating to print items, motor DM may be operatingat a higher speed than motor TM, the point in the rotation of shaft 53 at which contacts B of relay Rl are permitted to close will vary but the point of initiating 'operation of the dividing machine will be fixed by the timing of cam contacts UI. Thus, under the very worst condition possible, less than a full cycle of shaft 53 will take place before contacts UI close to prepare the dividing machine for its firstfull cycle of operation. 1

Contacts U2 close early in the cycle following closure of contacts -UI and render the emitter DEI 'and multi-contact relays MCR2, MCR3, MCR5, MCRG effective to cause the transfer of the totals in accumulators TCI- and TC2 to acas positive numbers. The closure of contac s B of relays R2, R3 and U2 makes wire W 0 cable CI live. v

Referring to Fig. 11a, this causes relays MCR2, MCR3 to become energized closing contacts B of relays MCR2, MCR3 which connect the accumulator magnets 30 of accumulator DC4, the readout device'of accumulator TCI, and dividcumulators DC4,'and DC2 respectivel;

ing emitter DEI in series between wire W5 and A line wire A2 through cables C2, C1, C3.

During the firstfull dividing'cycle, the emitter DEI functions to cause the transfer of the total on accumulator TCI to accumulator DC4 by selectively energizing accumulator magnets 30 of thelatter under control of the read-out device of accumulator TCI. This control of magnets 30 of accumulator DC4 by emitter DEI is effected in exactly the same fashion as the printer magnets 29 are operated by emitters TEI and so on .during normal total printing operations of the This has already been tabulating machine. briefly described.

Cable C2 has a branchconnected to the commutators of the translator 13 (Fig. 1141).. This has the effect of placing the translator magnets I4 or I5 in parallelwith the corresponding magnets 30 of accumulator DC4 with the result that the divisor is entered in the translator. v The latter is thus controlled as described in Patent No. 1,791,953 so that a complement of the divisor can be entered in accumulator DC3 under control of commutators or '11 during the second full dividing cycle.

The accumulator TC2 is somewhat similarly connected to emitter DEI through a cable C4 lator DC2 during the first full dividing cycle. Re-

and a branch of cable C3. Relays MCR5, MCR6 ,cause accumulator magnets 30 of dividend accumulator DC2, the contacts A of relay SR, the

read-out device of accumulator TC2, and emitter DEI to be connected in series so that/the dividend is transferred from accumulator TC2 to accumulay SR, which is connectedto wire W5 has the effect of switching the read-out device of accuniulator TC2 to magnets 30 of accumulator DC2, Ito-transfer takes place with respect to accumulators T03 and DCI as relays MCRI, MCRB, MCR9 are operative only during a re- ..setting cycle. of the tabulating machine.

The entry of the dividend in accumulator DC2 causes some or all of the commutatorsal to turn from zero position thus breaking the circuit from line wire B2 to contacts A of relay R3. The cam contacts U3, however, hold the circuit for such relay until near the end of the first full cycle whereupon relays R3, R4 are deenergized by the opening of such cam contacts (Fig. 9). This has the effect of disconnecting the emitter DEI which cannot again be effective until a new series of dividing cycles is initiated. Relays RI, R2 also become deenergized.

The circuit through relay R4 is broken by contacts U3 after contacts U4 have opened (Fig.

9) so that relay R5 will remain deenergized until the l 1 point of the second dividing cycle. During this second cycle the translator commutators I6 or .11 will cooperate to enter the divisor in accumulator DC3 as a, complement through cable CI9. The emitters DEI, DE2 have no effect during this second cycle because contacts B of relays R3, R5 are both open. Near the end of the second cycle contacts U4 close energizing relay R5 by the following circuit: Line wire A2 (Fig. 11c),

contacts CS2, relay R5, contacts U4, contacts of relay R4 (now closed), wire WIO of cable CI, and contacts P9 (Fig. 11a) to line wire BI. Contacts A of relay R5 and contacts P9 keep this relay and resetting mechanism for thetabulating ma-' chine takes place. This will not occur until after dividing operations are complete. Contacts B of relay R5 connect emitter DE2 to line wire B2 through wire W6 of cable C I (see Fig. 11d).

The bus bars 42 of the read-out devices of acenergized until the next cycle of the total taking' cumulators DC3, DC4 are connected in parallel by cable C2] (Fig. 1141), while the two groups of common contact segments 40 of these accumulators are connected by cables-CI'I, CIB to the contacts A, B, respectively, of relay CSR. Since the emitter DEI is constantly driven by shaft 53, the emitter will cause impulses to be transmitted to the bus bars 42 of both accumulators DC3,

DC4. These impulses from emitter DE2 will'normally go to the dividend cc'umulator through the cables C20, C2I, the re -out device of accumulator DC3, cable CH, and contacts A'of relay- CSR unless such relay is energized. In the'latter case, the current impulses will go through cable The dividend, complement of the divisor, and di-' visor will have been entered in accumulators DC2, DC3, DC4 in the or'dernamed; the emitter DE2 .will be potentially effective; the column shifter will be in the position of Fig. 6 in readiness to enter the divi or positively or negatively in the five highest denominational orders of the dividend accumulator DC2; relay CSR will be deenergized to cause the divisor to be entered in accumulator DC2 negatively as a complement.

The principle on which the present invention is based is the progressive subtraction-of the divisor from the dividend; beginning witha prewhen the amount remaining on the predetermined orders is less than the divisor. The quotient is obtained by counting the number of subtraction operations necessary to reduce each Broup of orders in the dividend accumulator to zero 'or to a positive value less than the divisor.

The following description will assume that the divisor does not exceed five digits and accordingly the column shifter has been shown as starting with the five highest orders of the dividend accumulator D02. During-the third and perhaps a certain number of following cycles the divisor will be substracted from the five highest orders of accumulator D02 over circuits which may be traced in the following manner: Line wire B2 (Fig. 11c), contacts B of relay R5, wire W6 of cable 0|, emitter DE2 (Fig. 11d), cable 20, bus bars 42 of accumulator D04, cable 2|, bus bars 42 of accumulator D03, the proper brushes 38 of accumulator D03, cable 0",

.contacts A of relay CSR (Fig. 110), cable CIG,

the five shoes I26 bearing on segments I30 associated with the five highest orders of accumulator D02, cable 0I5, contacts A of relay SR, cable 0l4, the accumulator magnets 30 of the five highest orders of dividend accumulator D02, to line wire A2.

Each time the divisor is subtracted from accumulator D02, a unit is added in the fifth order of" quotient accumulator DOI over the following circuit: Wire W6 (Fig. 110), remembering that this wire is live, contacts E of relay CSR, contacts UIII (which are closed at 1, Fig. 9), shoe I24 and the segment I 30 associated with the fifth order of accumulator DOI,' cable 0l3, the magnet 80 for the fifth order of accumulator DCI, to line wire A2.

Contacts UII are open dividing cycle (Fig. 9) and 'prevent the impulse of current through 'shoe I24 to the fifth order magnet 30 from also energizing the other magnets 3. of accumulator D02 by way of the branch "of cable CH and shoes I25.

The described operation continues until the amount standing in the five highest orders of accumulator D02 has been converted to a complement due to the five orders being reduced to zero by a'previous cycle or by the amount being less than the divisor resulting in a complement remaining after the complement of the divisor has been added to the five orders. When this occurs, .the commutator ill of the highest 'order of the dividend accumulator D02 will be turned to the "9 position.

This causes a circuit to be established as follows: line wire A2 (Fig. lle), relay R6, contacts Ul'(closing during 'the cycle in which the commutator 9| turns to "9), brushes 94a and segment 93a, carry lever contacts 0L0, to'line wire B2. .Relay R6 closes its contacts to permit establishment of a circuit from line wire A2, relay R8, contacts of said relay, contacts U8, wire W8 of cable 0I,'relay 08R. (Fig. 11c), to line.wire B2. During most of the cycle that follows the one in which the amount in the dividend accumulator is changed to a complement, the contacts B of relay 08R will be closed. As a result the divisor will be entered positively in, accumulator D02 through the read-out device of aecumulator 'D04 and cable CI! thereby changing the amount in the five highest orders of accumulator D02 back to at the 1" position of a zero or to the same positive number less in value than the divisor which was formerly in thfive highest orders.

During this last'described cycle, the complement of 1" will be added to the quotient accumulator due to closure of contacts D. These contacts permit a number of circuits to be established at 9" in the cycle through all the accumulator magnets 30 of the five highest orders of accumulator D02. These circuits may be generally traced as follows: Wire W6 (Fig. 11c), contacts D of relay CSR, contacts U9 (closed at 9, Fig. 9), contacts UI I ;'the shoe coacting with segment I" of the fifth order of accumulator D02, also directly to the other four shoes coacting with segments III! of the sixth to ninth orders respectively; cable 0I3, the accumulator magnets III of the five highest orders of accumulator D2, 'to

causes the 9 on the highest wheel to change to l 0" by the operation of the usual carry mechanism. Before the carry takes place, however, the carry lever 96 (Fig. 3) is operated to cause contacts 0L0 to open. This permits the circuit through relay R6 to become broken when contacts U6 open near the end of the cycle.

When contacts U1 close. during the cycle in which relay CSR is energized, relay R1 is energized by a circuit as follows: Line wire A2 (Fig. 116), relay RI, contacts U1, wire I of cable Cl, contacts 0 of relay CSR (Fig. 110), to line wire B2. Before the contacts U1 reopen (Fig. 9), contacts U8 close and energize the column shifter magnet CSM through the coil and contacts of relay R'l (Fig. 112). This causes the frame IDS-I06 (Fig. 6) to move one step to the right so that shoe I 24 rests on the segment I 30 associated with the fourth order .of accumulator DCI and the lowest shoes I25, I26 in Fig. 11c now rest on the segments itll'corresponding to the fourth orders of accumulators DCI, D02. The opening of contacts U6 causes deenergization of relay the divisor from the fourth to ninth orders of accumulator D02 by another series of cycles like those just described. During the last of this series of cycles, the divisor will be added as a positive number to correct for the over draft caused by adding the complement once more than is required, and the column shifter frame I05- IIIB will be shifted one more step .to the right (P18- 6) After five series of dividing cycles, the fingers III will reach a position where the column shifting'impulse through magnet CSM occurring during the last cycle of the" last series will cause frame IOU-I" to move one step to the. right (Fig. 6) to close dontacts css, CS4 and open contacts 032. -This causes the operation of the dividing machine to become interrupted so far as further adding or subtracting of the divisor is concerned andesignifies that dividing operations are complete.

The opening of contacts 082 deenergizes recycleofth'elastseries. 'lhestartingcircuitis 7 start by a circuit as follows: Line wire Al, motor, RM (Fig-11a) reset motor clutch magnet-ROM,

tabulatingmotor clutch contacts TMC, contacts ofrelay R8, stop key contacts SP, contacts P311,

to line wire Bl. A reset cycle of the tabulating machine takes place in exactly the same fashion as if started by contacts LI infthe usual way.

When switches SI S2 are in the position of Fig. 111), the closure of contacts P6 at the beginning of the reset cycle causes relays MCRI, MCR8, MCR9 to become energized. The circuit for relays MCR'I, MCRB, MCR9. extends from'line wire Al, switch SI, the coils of relays MGR! and MCRS, switch S2, coil of relay MCRE, contacts PE, and switch NT3,- to line wire Bl. Relays MCRI and MCR4 will also be energized by two parallel circuits, between line wires AI, -Bi, one

' through switch NTI, contacts P4 and the coil of into series with tabulating emitter TE3 A magnets 29 of the bank devoted to printing the relay MCRI, and the other through switch NT2, contacts P5 and the coil of relay MCRG. This switches the read-out device of accumulator DC! and the quotient, the circuits extending from emitter TEB, through cable C|2 (Fig. 11b) contacts B of relay MCRQ, cable C6, the read-out device of accumulator DCi (Fig. 110), cable C5, contacts B of relay MCR'I, plug wires 3!, and printer magnets 29, to line wire Bl. Thus the quotient will be printed under control of the read-out device of accumulator DCI. The divisor and dividend will also be printed during this cycle, provided switches NT! NT2 are closed, since relays MCR2,

, MCR3, MCR5, MCR6 were deenergized when contacts U2 opened during the first full dividing cycle. If the tabulating machine is set to print items and totals (listing operation) the divisor, dividend, and quotient will appear on the same line after the last item provided switches NTI, NT2, NT3 are all closed. If set to print totals only (tabulating operation), the group number,

' divisor, dividend, and quotient will appear on the same line.

During the last half of the reset cycle, after the totals have been'printed, contacts 5P1 close (see both Figs. '10 and 11a) to cause the resetting of the dividing machine accumulators by a circuit as follows: Line wire A2, magnet DRC (Fig. 11e), contacts CS3, wire W3 of cable Cl, and contacts P'l (Fig. 11a) to line wire Bl.- Contacts P8 also close to effect restoration of the column shifter to the Fig. 6 position by a circuit as follows: Linewire A2, magnet'CSRM (Fig.

' 11e)','relay R9, wire W9 of cable Cl, contacts P8 (Fig. 110), to line wire Bl.

The energlzation of the magnet DRC causes. the one revolution clutch connecting shafts 53 open tobreak the circuit through relay RH and magnet CSR. Contacts CSI also reclose to permit subsequent reenergization of relays R3, R4. CB2 reci-ose but have no effect as contacts A of 2,209,484 relay R5 and contacts dividend punched therein,

U! are both open. I Early in the resetting cycle, the contacts Pib close and reenergize the group control relay GCRZ. Near the end of the reset cycle contacts P2 close to automatically restart .the tabulating motor TM to feed, accumulate, and/or list the items of the second card group. Relays R3, R4 are reenergized as soon as the dividend counter DC! is reset to zero due to commutators 9| being turned back to current conducting position.

Since the dividing machine does not have type bars and other reciprocating parts liable to limit the safe operating speed'of the machine, it may be operated at a high speed, at least as fast, if

not faster than the tabulating machine. Thus, in spite of the fact that a fair number of cycles may be required to perform the operation of division, it is probable that on the average considerably less time will be required to perform the operation of division than to feed the cards of a group.

It may be desired to operate the machine in such a fashion as'to accumulate a grand total of the quotients. This iseasily done by manually disengaging clutch RC to prevent resetting of accumulator D0! which will then accumulate a progressive or running total of the quotients of the difierent, card groups. Provided switch NT3 is closed, a progressive total of the quotients will be printed by each operation of the total taking mechanism. If this progressive total is not desired, switch NT3 can be opened to prevent printing of the quotient. In order to print the grand total of all the quotients, stop key SP may be depressed during the feeding of the last card group. This permits contacts L5 to stop motor TM- and hence the feeding of cards ceases.

Clutch RC can then be locked in engaged position, switch NT3 closed, and key ST depressed to restart the tabulating machine. As relay GCRZ is not affected by stopping the machine by means of key SP, the dividing machine will not be affected.

If, the card groups are very small, say they comprise a single card with both divisor and or two cards are used, one for the divisor and one for the dividend, it may be found cedure due to the speed of the tabulating machine. In such cases the switch NT3 and clutch RlC can be operated as soon asthe tabulating.

machine stops at the end of the last group.

Whichever of the above methodsis followed, the last operation of the total taking and resetting mechanism occurring at the end of the batch of cards will cause the grand total of the quotients to be printed and accumulator DCI reset exactly as first described.

The above modified operation of the dividing machine gives an excellent example of the flexibility of the machine. The divisor and dividend may be entered in accumulators TCI, T02 in various ways. The divisor and dividend can be punched in two different fields of a single card, Y 65 or in different fields of two separate cards, or either may. be derived by accumulation of items from a plurality of cards representing components of the divisor and/or the dividend.

It will be observed that the dividing machine does not interfere in anyrespect with the normal operation of the tabulating machine. Consequently, the-flexibility of operation of the tabulating machine is not impaired, making it possible to secure various novel results not readily obtainable by means of machines heretofore diflicult to follow the above pro-v 

